Tuesday, January 11, 2022

What’s changed, the weekly Torah reading or the weekly haftorah? TB Megillah 30

Back on daf TB Megillah 29a we learned about the four special parshiyot, Torah readings, helping us prepare for Purim and Passover. MISHNA: On four Shabbatot during and surrounding the month of Adar, a Torah portion of seasonal significance is read. When the New Moon of Adar occurs on Shabbat, the congregation reads the portion of Shekalim (שְׁקָלִים) on that Shabbat. If the New Moon occurs during the middle of the week, they advance the reading of that portion to the previous Shabbat, and, in such a case, they interrupt the reading of the four portions on the following Shabbat, which would be the first Shabbat of the month of Adar, and no additional portion is read on it.  

On the second Shabbat, the Shabbat prior to Purim, they read the portion: “Remember (zakhor-זָכוֹר)what Amalek did” (Deuteronomy 25:17–19), which details the mitzva to remember and destroy the nation of Amalek. On the third Shabbat, they read the portion of the Red Heifer [Para-פָּרָה] (Numbers 19:1–22), which details the purification process for one who became ritually impure through contact with a corpse. On the fourth Shabbat, they read the portion: “This month [haḥodesh-הַחוֹדֶשׁ ] shall be for you” (Exodus 12:1–20), which describes the offering of the Paschal lamb. On the fifth Shabbat, they resume the regular weekly order of readings and no special portion is read.” (Sefaria.org translation)

Today's daf TB Megillah 30 analyzes the question whether the four special parshiyot supplant the regular Torah readings or rather do the special haftorah readings supplant the regular haftorah readings. "The mishna states: On the fifth Shabbat, we resume the regular weekly order. The Gemara clarifies the mishna’s intent: To the order of what does one resume? Rabbi Ami said: One resumes the regular weekly order of Torah portions. Rabbi Ami holds that on the weeks on which the special portions are read, the regular weekly Torah portion is not read at all, and therefore the cycle is resumed only on the fifth Shabbat. Rabbi Yirmeya said: One resumes the regular weekly order of the haftarot. Rabbi Yirmeya holds that even on the Shabbatot on which the special portions are read, the regular weekly portion is still read; the special portion is read by the last reader as the maftir. However, the haftara of the regular cycle is entirely replaced with a portion from the Prophets that parallels the special portion. As such, it is the cycle of haftarot that is resumed on the fifth Shabbat." (Sefaria.org translation)

According to Rabbi Ami, the four special Torah reading would supplant the regular Torah reading. This outcome would prove challenging since dividing the four special readings into seven aliyot would be difficult. For example, parashat zakhor is only three verses long. Consequently, the Torah reader would have to read and reread it again and again. After the first couple readings, most people would not find this the most interesting Torah reading. I think because of the extreme example of parashat zakhor, we follow Rabbi Yirmeya's opinion. We read the seven aliyot from the regular weekly Torah reading. Maftir, the concluding passage, is one of the four special Torah readings. For those for special weeks, a special haftorah that is thematically linked to the four special Torah readings supplants the regular haftorah. Once all the special weeks are over, we return to our regularly scheduled haftorot.

 

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