Although we know that there are 39 different prohibited labors, massechet
Shabbat spends an inordinate amount of time analyzing the prohibition of moving
an item from one domain to another, hotza-ah הוצאה.
The messechet’s first chapter introduces the topic of hotza-ah. We learned in
the seventh chapter that the item under consideration needs to be significant
both in quality and quantity to violate the prohibition of hotza-ah. Chapter 8
gives the minimum measurements of different items a person needs to move from
one domain to another to be liable. After
several pages of Aggadah,
the last several mishnayot of chapter
9 returns to the topic of different measurements for more items. We learned
that the common usage and utility of the item also impacts its measurements.
Today we begin chapter 10 with daf TB Shabbat 91 (really at the very
bottom of TB Shabbat 90b). This chapter deals with more of a conceptual
approach of the ins and outs of the prohibition of hotza-ah. For example what
happens if you change your mind? At first you carried the item from one domain
to another intending to do one of the prohibited activities, but in the middle
you change your mind to use the object for completely different prohibited
activity. What impact if any does changing your mind have? Are you guilty (חייב) and need to bring a sin sacrifice or freed from bringing that
sacrifice (פטור)? Rav Nahman gives us the answer to our question.
“Rava said
that Rav Naḥman said: If one carried out on Shabbat a dried
fig-bulk of seeds for eating, and along the way he reconsidered
and decided to use them for sowing; or, alternatively, if one
intended to carry them out for sowing and reconsidered and decided to
use them for eating, he is liable. The Gemara wonders: This is obvious.
Whichever way you view this case, he is clearly liable. Go here and
examine his initial intention, there is a measure that determines
liability; and go here and examine his ultimate intention, there is a
measure that determines liability. The Gemara replies that Rav Naḥman’s
statement teaches a novel concept. Lest you say that in order to be
deemed liable for carrying out an object on Shabbat, we require that the
lifting and placing of the object be performed with a single,
identical, intention, and that is not the situation here, i.e., that the
change in his intention transforms his action into two separate half-labors,
therefore Rav Naḥman teaches us that it is considered a single
prohibited act, and the person who performed it is liable.” (Sefaria.org
translation)
In this case changing your mind doesn’t help you at all.
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