The Gemara has used a lot of real estate teaching us that saving a life overrides the Sabbath. But nowhere does the Torah explicitly says saving a life overrides the Sabbath. Consequently, today’s daf TB Yoma 85 wonders what the source for this halakha is by telling a story.
Ҥ The Gemara relates: It once happened that Rabbi
Yishmael, and Rabbi
Akiva, and Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya were walking
on the road, and Levi HaSadar and Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi
Elazar ben Azarya, were walking respectfully behind them,
since they were younger and did not walk alongside their teachers. This
question was asked before them: From where is it derived that saving a
life overrides Shabbat?”
(Sefaria.org translation)
Each of those rabbis gives a different answer where
this halakha is derived. Other tannaim
suggest more sources for consideration. The amoraim
were not satisfied with the tannaim’s
answers. The Gemara favors Shmuel’s answer the best. I’ll share with you his
answer because it is the most famous and known and let you look up all the
other suggestions on your own. “Rav
Yehuda said that Shmuel said: If I would have been there
among those Sages who debated this question, I would have said that my
proof is preferable to theirs, as it states: “You shall keep My statutes
and My ordinances, which a person shall do and live by them” (Leviticus 18:5), and
not that he should die by them. In all circumstances, one must take
care not to die as a result of fulfilling the mitzvot.” (Sefaria.org
translation)
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