Thursday, January 21, 2021

My twin goals of the Seder TB Pesakhim 61

I’m never surprised what I am studying at any given moment has direct application to something else going on in my life. We shall read about the last three plagues, the laws of Passover, and the Exodus from Egypt this coming Saturday in parashat Bo. Today’s daf TB Pesakhim 61 elaborates on the following three versus from our weekly Torah portion.

“Speak to the whole community of Israel and say that on the tenth of this month each of them shall take a lamb to a family, a lamb to a household. But if the household is too small for a lamb, let him share one with a neighbor who dwells nearby, in proportion to the number of persons: you shall contribute for the lamb according to what each household will eat. (Exodus 12:3-4)

If a stranger who dwells with you would offer the passover to the LORD, all his males must be circumcised; then he shall be admitted to offer it; he shall then be as a citizen of the country. But no uncircumcised person may eat of it.” (Exodus 12:48)

I’m putting the cart before the horse because I’m quoting the Gemara before the Mishnah. The korban Pesakh needs to be offered up in the name of specific people. To create a group one must register all the participants. The rabbis learn the necessity of this registration from verse 4. “The Gemara asks: From where are these matters, which are not explicitly written in the Torah, derived? The Gemara answers: As the Sages taught with regard to the verse: “And if the household be too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor who is close to his house shall take one according to the number of the souls; according to every man’s eating you shall make your count for the lamb” (Exodus 12:4). “According to the number of” teaches that the Paschal lamb is slaughtered only for those who have registered for it. Everything is done according to the number of people who have registered before the slaughtering.” (Sefaria.org translation)

The korban Pesakh, the Passover sacrifice, is unique amongst all the sacrifices because its sole purpose is to be eaten celebrating Passover. The Mishnah elaborates on the laws when the korban Pesakh is offered up for an ineligible person.  If one slaughtered the Paschal lamb for people who cannot eat it[1] or for those who did not register in advance to eat it, or if one slaughtered it for people who are uncircumcised or for those who are ritually impure[2], whom the Torah prohibits from eating the Paschal lamb, it is disqualified. However, if one slaughtered it for those who can eat it and for those who cannot eat it; for those who have registered for it and for those who have not registered for it; for the circumcised and for the uncircumcised; for the ritually impure and for the ritually pure, it is valid, for a partially invalid intent does not disqualify the offering.” (Sefaria.org translation)

As long as some people in the registered group are eligible to eat some of the korban Pesakh, the korban Pesakh is kosher. I like this idea of inclusivity. The modern Jewish family is more diverse than ever before. Ashkenazi Jews and Sephardic Jews are intermarrying bringing with them diverse Passover customs. Jews from the different streams and different educational backgrounds have married and bring with them different understandings, customs, and appreciation of the Passover Seder. Many Jewish families now include non-Jewish spouses and perhaps even non-Jewish children. Nobody should be excluded. I think the twin goals of the Seder is to be inclusive and meaningful to all the participants. If the Seder is inclusive and meaningful, I believe that the meal will be even more delicious.



[1]The Sages taught in the Tosefta: How so the case of slaughtering the Paschal lamb for those who cannot eat it? It is a case where one slaughtered it for the sake of a sick person or for the sake of an old person who is unable to eat even an olive-sized portion of the Paschal lamb.” (TB Pesakhim 61a, sefria.org translation)

[2] I have always translated the term as ritually unready.

No comments:

Post a Comment