Today with daf TB Avodah Zarah 61 we finished the fourth chapter of our massekhet. Since this chapter shared many case studies, Rashi summarizes the halakhot concerning the status of wine when a pagan touches it, but not for the purpose of idolatry. Generally speaking, the category of such wine is stam yanam and the rabbis forbad Jews from deriving benefit from it i.e selling to another pagan as well as drinking it themselves. This is a summary of Rashi’s summary.
1. If a pagan intentionally touches the wine and agitates it and even though he did not use it for idolatrous purposes, this wine is stam yanam and the Jews are forbidden to drink or derive benefit from it.
2. If a pagan doesn’t know that it is wine and he unintentionally touches it, the rabbis only forbade drinking it. One may derive benefit from it by selling the wine to other non-Jews. Rashi reminds us of several examples given by the Gemara. One example is a crazy person who is not cognizant of what he’s really doing. A Jew can derive benefit from this wine.
3. If a pagan unintentionally touches the wine with something else besides his hand like with a stick swatting a fly and accidentally touches the wine, a Jew may still drink it as well and derive benefit from it. However if a pagan purposely touches the wine with something else besides his hand like with a stick to measure the contents of the barrel of wine, this wine falls under the category of stam yanum.
4. If the pagan applies a force to the wine even without touching it like pouring water into the wine concentrate to make it drinkable, the wine is considered stam yanum. If the pagan didn’t know that it was wine he was pouring something into it, this wine is permitted even to be drunk.
5. If a pagan throws something into the
wine as is fermenting like a barrel into the wine pit, this wine is permitted
to be drunk and derive benefit from it.
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