A unique klal, uprat, uklal (כְּלָֽל וּפְרָֽט וּכְלָֽל) TB Baba Kama 52

One of the 13 ways Rabbi Yishmael teaches the Torah is expounded is “כְּלָֽל וּפְרָֽט וּכְלָֽל-A rule followed by a detail, which is in turn followed by a rule, may infer only what is similar to the detail.” Today’s daf TB Baba Kama 54 applies this rule in a unique way. Generally the rule, detail, followed by a rule is found in one verse. Not on our daf! The Gemara uses this rule to teach all animals rest on Shabbat and not only a donkey and an ox.

“The Gemara asks: But why not say that the verses be expounded as follows: The term “cattle” used in the first version of the Ten Commandments is a generalization, and the phrase “your ox and your donkey” used in the latter version of the Ten Commandments is a detail. In the case of a generalization and a detail, the principles of halakhic exegesis dictate that the generalization includes only what is specified in the detail. Therefore, with regard to this subject, an ox and a donkey should indeed be included, but anything else should not be included.

“The Sages said in reply: In the phrase “nor any of your cattle” stated in the latter version of the Ten Commandments following the phrase “your ox and your donkey,” it then generalized again. Therefore, the verse is structured as a generalization, and a detail, and a generalization. According to the principles of halakhic exegesis, you may deduce that the verse is referring only to items similar to the detail. Consequently, just as the items mentioned in the detail are clearly defined as animals, so too, all items included in the general term must be animals.” (Sefaria.org translation)

The first set of 10 Commandments is found in the book of Exodus chapter 20 while the second set of commandments is found in the book of Deuteronomy chapter 5. The detail and the generalizations are certainly not contiguous! 

Tosefot ד"ה בְּהֶמְתֶּךָsays we should not consider the details and generalizations distant from each other in the case of the 10 Commandments. The two sets of 10 Commandments are really one for the rabbis teach concerning Shabbat “both were spoken in a single utterance at the giving of the Torah, like that which is taught in a baraita: “Remember (זָכור) the Sabbath day, to keep it holy” (Exodus 20:8), and: “Observe (שָמור ) the Sabbath day, to keep it holy” (Deuteronomy 5:12), were spoken in one utterance, in a manner that the human mouth cannot say and that the human ear cannot hear.” (TB Shavuot 20b, Sefaria.org translation)

Shlomo Halevi alluded to this understanding of the 10 Commandments in the very first stanza of his famous piyyut Lekha Dodi sung every Friday night.

שָמור וְזָכור בְּדִבּוּר אֶחָד. הִשמִיעָנוּ אֵל הַמְיֻחָד.

 ה' אֶחָד וּשמו אֶחָד. לְשם וּלְתִפְאֶרֶת וְלִתְהִלָּה.  -"Observe" and "Remember" in one utterance. The One and Only God allowed us to hear. God is one and His name is one. For renown and for glory and for praise.