We have covered lots of unusual circumstances surrounding the get and there are only five more dappim in our massekhet. We have previously learned that the exact correct names of the husband and wife, location, and date are necessary for a get to be kosher. Finally on today’s daf TB Gittin 85 we learn the basic essential elements of a get. “MISHNA: The basic, essential, element of a bill of divorce is: You are hereby permitted to marry any man. Rabbi Yehuda says that there is also another essential sentence: And this that you shall have from me is a scroll of divorce, and a letter of leave, and a bill of dismissal to go to marry any man that you wish.” (Sefaria.org translation)
Abaye lists the
correct spelling other words in order to make clear that this is a bill of
divorce for a specific woman. “The Gemara relates several rulings concerning
the precise terminology to be used in writing a bill of divorce. Abaye said:
This person who writes a bill of divorce should not write the word meaning:
And this, by spelling it vav, dalet, yod, nun,
as that can be misread as having the vowel of a ḥirik under the
letter dalet, not a tzeire. Read with a ḥirik, it indicates:
And there is a law that we should get divorced. Rather, he should make sure to write the word
meaning: And this, without a yod, so that it is clear that it
should be read with a tzeire.
וְלָא לִכְתּוֹב ״אִיגֶּרֶת״ –
דְּמַשְׁמַע (אִיגֶּרֶת) [אִיגָּרָא]; אֶלָּא ״אִגֶּרֶת״. וְלָא לִכְתּוֹב
״לִימְהָךְ״ – דְּמַשְׁמַע לִי מֵהָךְ; וְלָא לִכְתּוֹב ״לִמְחָךְ״ – דְּמַשְׁמַע
כִּי חוּכָא.
“And he
should not write the word meaning: A letter,
by spelling it alef, yod, gimmel, reish, tav,
as that can be confused with another identically spelled word that indicates
a roof. Rather, he should write the word meaning: A letter, without
a yod. And he should not write: To go, by spelling it lamed,
yod, mem, heh, khaf, as that could be read
as a conjunction which indicates: For me from this. And he should be
sure not to write limḥakh, i.e., he must be careful that the
letter heh not look like a ḥet, as that indicates that it
is like a joke.
״דִּיתִיהְוִייִין״, ״דִּיתִיצְבִּייִין״
– תְּלָתָא תְּלָתָא יוֹדִין; דְּמַשְׁמַע תֶּהֶוְיָין וְתִצְבְּיָין.
וְלוֹרְכֵיהּ לְוָיו ״דְּתֵירוּכִין״, וּלְוָיו ״דְּשִׁבּוּקִין״; דְּמַשְׁמַע
תְּרִיכִין וּשְׁבִיקִין.
“Abaye continues: In the clause:
That you shall be permitted to go marry any man that you wish, the words ditihevyin
and dititzviyin must include three instances of the letter
yod in a row in each word, as with only two instances of
the letter yod these words indicate: That they shall be [tehevyan],
and: That they wish [titzviyan], referring to other women. And
he should extend the vav of teirukhin and the vav of shevukin,
as otherwise, the vav may be mistaken for a yod, and those
words spelled with a yod indicate divorced [terikhin] and left
[shevikin] women. In other words, it will change the meaning from
describing the document as one that divorces or sends away to describing the
women as divorced and sent away.
וְלוֹרְכֵיהּ לְוָיו ״דְּכַדּוּ״;
דְּמַשְׁמַע ״וּכְדִי״. וְלָא לִיכְתּוֹב ״לְאִיתְנְסָבָא״ – דְּמַשְׁמַע לָא
יִתְנַסְבָא, אֶלָּא ״לְהִתְנְסָבָא״.
“And in the clause: And now [ukhedu] I have dismissed and
ousted and divorced you, he should extend the vav of khedu, as
other-wise, the vav may be mistaken for a yod, and spelled with a
yod it indicates: And with nothing [ukhedi]. And in the
expression: To go marry [lehitnasseva] he should not write le’itnasseva
with an alef and a yod, as, if he leaves space between the
letters it will indicate: Will not get
married [la yitnasseva]. Rather, he should write lehitnasseva,
with a heh and without a yod, so there will be no room for this
error.” (Sefaria.ORG translation)
There
is a tradition that a get should
contain only 12 lines because get in gematria
equals 12 (ג=3 ט=9). The following
is the traditional text of the get. I
have highlighted in red Abaye’s correct terminology and spelling.
ב_______ בשבת, ב_______ ימים לירח _______, שנת_______
לבריאת עולם למנין שאנו מנין כאן ב_______ מתא דיתבא על נהר
_______
ועל מי מעינות, אנא _______ בן _______, העומד היום
ב_______ מתא,
דיתבא על נהר _______ ועל מי מעינות, צביתי ברעות נפשי
בדלא אניסנא, ושבקית ופטרית ותרוכית יתיכי ליכי אנת אנתתי
_______ בת _______ העומדת היום ב_______ מתא, דיתבא
על נהר _______ועל מי מעינות, דהוית אנתתי
מן קדמת דנא וכדו פטרית ושבקית ותרוכית יתיכי ליכי דיתיהוייין
רשאה
ושלטאה בנפשיכי למהך להתנסבא
לכל גבר דיתיצבייין, ואנש לא ימחא
בידיכי מן יומא דנן ולעלם, והרי את
מותרת לכל אדם,
ודן די יהוי ליכי מנאי ספר תרוכין ואגרת שבוקין וגט פטורין
כדת משה וישראל.
פלוני
בן פלוני עד
פלוני בן פלוני עד
English Translation:
On the __________ day of the week, the __________ day of the month
of __________ in the year __________ after creation of the world, according to
the calendaric calculations that we count here, in the city __________, which
is situated on the__________ river, and situated near springs of water, I,
__________ the son of __________, who today am present in the city __________,
which is situated on the__________ river, and situated near springs of water,
willingly consent, being under no duress, to release, discharge, and divorce
you [to be] on your own, you, my wife __________, daughter of __________, who
are today in the city of __________, which is situated on the__________ river,
and situated near springs of water, who has hitherto been my wife. And now I do
release, discharge, and divorce you [to be] on your own, so that you are permitted and have authority over yourself to go
and marry any man
you desire. No
person may object against you from this day onward, and you are permitted to every man. This shall be for you from
me a bill of
dismissal, a letter of release, and a document of absolution, in accordance with the law
of Moses and Israel.
_________ the son of _________ — witness
_________ the son of _________ — witness.
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/557971/jewish/Text-of-the-Get.htm
No comments:
Post a Comment