What is Ravin’s definition of a shevua? TB Shavuot 21

Yesterday we learned when Rav Dimi came to Babylonia he cites Rabbi Yoḥanan’s definition of a shevua.

Shevuat Sheker (שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר) “When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael, he reported that Rabbi Yoḥanan says: If one takes an oath, saying: I will eat, or: I will not eat, relating to the future, and does not fulfill it, it is a false oath. And its prohibition in the Torah is from here: “And you shall not take an oath by My name falsely, so that you profane the name of your God; I am the Lord” (Leviticus 19:12). ” (Sefaria.org translation) The shevua deals with something the future.

Shevuat Shav (שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא) “(the continuation Rabbi Yoḥanan’s statement-gg) “. If one takes an oath, saying: I ate, or: I did not eat, relating to past actions, and it is a lie, it is an oath taken in vain, and its prohibition in the Torah is from here: “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain; for the Lord will not absolve of guilt he that takes His name in vain” (Exodus 20:7).” (Sefaria.org translation) The shevua deals with something the future.

Today’s daf TB Shavuot 21 we learned when Ravina came to Babylonia he cites a different version of Rabbi Yoḥanan’s definition of a shevua.

Shevuat Sheker (שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר) “When Ravin came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he reported that Rabbi Yirmeya says that Rabbi Abbahu says that Rabbi Yoḥanan says: If one takes an oath, saying: I ate, or: I did not eat, it is a false oath if it is not true. And its prohibition in the Torah is from: “And you shall not take an oath by My name falsely, so that you profane the name of your God; I am the Lord” (Leviticus 19:12).” (Sefaria.org translation)

Shevuat Shav (שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא) “(the continuation Rabbi Yoḥanan’s statement-gg) “And which oath is an oath taken in vain? It is when one takes an oath to deny that which is known to people to be true.” An example of this would be: I swear that this is a gold bar when everybody can easily see that it is a lead bar.

Rambam defines a Shevuat Sheker: “If a person takes an oath concerning one of these four categories and does the opposite, he has taken a false oath (שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר). For example, he took an oath not to eat and he ate, that he would eat and he did not eat, that he ate, when he did not or that he did not eat, when he had eaten. With regard to these matters, [Leviticus 19:12] states: "Do not swear falsely in My name." If he willfully swears falsely, he is liable for lashes. If he does so inadvertently, he must bring an adjustable guilt offering, as [ibid. 5:4] states: "And it became concealed from him and he did not know and became guilty." (Mishneh Torah, Oaths 1:3)

He defines Shevuat Shav: “[The prohibition against taking] a sh'vuat shav (שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא), an oath taken in vain, also subdivides into four categories: the first, a person took an oath concerning a known matter that was not true, e.g., he took an oath that a man was a woman, a woman was a man, that a marble pillar was gold, or concerning other similar factors.” (Mishneh Torah, Oaths 1:4)  (Sefaria.org translation)